Basgal: Preserving the memory of centuries VIDEO
Ismayilli, July 16, AZERTAC
The latest feature in AZERTAC's "If I Were a Tourist" column highlights the Basgal settlement in Azerbaijan's Ismayilli district.
Standing out as one of Azerbaijan's most remarkable ancient settlements, Basgal is a destination where history, culture, and nature blend in perfect harmony. Located in the country's Ismayilli district, this historic settlement attracts thousands of local and foreign visitors every year with its cobblestone streets that preserve the memory of centuries, historic architectural monuments, traditional craftsmanship, and breathtaking mountain landscapes.
Nestled on the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus, near the Niyaldagh Ridge, Basgal is one of the few settlements that has preserved traces of medieval urban culture to this day. Historic fortress walls, an ancient bazaar square, artisan quarters, mosques, natural springs, an underground water supply and sewerage system known as kurebend, and narrow streets paved with river stones all tell the story of the settlement's rich past.
Research shows that Basgal has been continuously inhabited since the 11th century. Graves and box-shaped tombstones (sanduga) dating back to the 16th–18th centuries in the local cemetery also reflect the deep-rooted history of this ancient settlement.
The Basgal State Historical-Cultural Reserve was established in 1989. Under an Order signed by Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev, extensive restoration and construction work was carried out within the reserve in 2022.
One of Basgal's most striking features is its architectural heritage. The houses were built with the seismic characteristics of the Shirvan region in mind. Timber beams known as ketil, inserted into the walls after every few layers of stone, increased the buildings' flexibility and enhanced their resistance to earthquakes. The truncated corners of houses facing the streets are another fascinating example of the settlement's traditional urban planning.
One of the first stops for tourists visiting Basgal is the 17th-century Basgal Hamam. Built in the classical Oriental architectural style, this historic structure was restored in 2021 and converted into a museum. Here, visitors can discover fascinating aspects of Azerbaijani bath culture, the design of traditional hamams, and their unique underground heating systems.
Another prominent historical monument is the Sheikh Mohammed Mosque, built in 1531. Archaeological excavations around the mosque have uncovered artifacts representing various historical periods. The centuries-old plane tree standing nearby is itself a living witness to Basgal's history. According to inscriptions, it was planted in 1563 by Sheikh Safayi, the son of Sheikh Mohammed, and continues to be revered as a sacred site by local residents.
The craft that brought Basgal worldwide recognition is kelaghayi, the traditional Azerbaijani silk headscarf. During the Middle Ages, Basgal was one of Shirvan's leading silk-producing and weaving centers, and the kelaghayis crafted here gained widespread renown in both Eastern and European markets. Today, visitors can take part in kelaghayi masterclasses organized by local artisans and gain hands-on experience in this centuries-old craft.
The Historic Bazaar Square is another of the settlement's most captivating landmarks. Once the main center of regional trade, the square has preserved its historic atmosphere to this day. A stroll through the surrounding stone-paved streets gives visitors the enchanting feeling of traveling back to the Middle Ages.
Basgal is also renowned for its rich culinary traditions. Visitors can enjoy local specialties such as Basgal halva, pip dolmasi (stuffed grape or linden leaves), piti, locally produced cheeses, mulberry molasses, and the famous rose jam.
In addition, Basgal offers a wide range of recreational opportunities. Modern resorts set against sweeping mountain landscapes, hiking trails, and wellness facilities make the settlement an ideal destination for both family holidays and solo travelers.
Located approximately 160 kilometers from Baku, Basgal can be reached by car in about three to three and a half hours. Those traveling by public transport can first reach Ismayilli and then take local transportation to the settlement.
Basgal reveals a different kind of beauty in every season. The lush greenery of spring, the refreshing mountain air of summer, the vibrant colors of autumn, and the snow-covered streets of winter each add a unique charm to this ancient settlement. For travelers interested in history, national heritage, and nature, Basgal promises an unforgettable experience.
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