Baku, November 20 (AZERTAC). A discovery in the Andromeda constellation sheds new light on the birth of planets. Capturing an image of extra solar planets is difficult: the celestial bodies are very far away, relatively small and drown in the light of their parent star. 

Despite this, a team of researchers, including several from the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg, has successfully captured an image of a “super-Jupiter” which orbits the star Kappa Andromedae. The gas giant has roughly 13 times the mass of Jupiter, while the parent star has 2.5 times the mass of the Sun. This planet probably formed in a similar way to ordinary, lower-mass planets: in a “protoplanetary disk” of gas and dust. This makes the planet an important test case for current models of how planets are born.

Astronomical images exist for only very few of the almost 850 exoplanets which are known. To detect these planets, which orbit stars other than the Sun, researchers have to rely on indirect methods in the vast majority of cases.

A team led by Joseph Carson (College of Charleston and Max Planck Institute for Astronomy) has now photographed a large “super-Jupiter” which orbits the massive star known as Kappa Andromedae, some 170 light years away. The researchers made this discovery using the Subaru telescope on the summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii.

Kappa Andromedae is estimated to be 30 million years old - a very young star compared to our Sun, which is around 5 billion years old. Obtaining an image of Kappa Andromedae`s companion required advanced instruments and methods for both the observation and the evaluation. The team faced a particular challenge, as the separation between the newly discovered object and its parent star is less than twice the distance between Neptune and the Sun – most planetary images have been obtained for exoplanets which were significantly further away from their parent star, making it easier to detect them as an independent object (the average distance between the Sun and Neptune is 4.5 billion kilometres).

The object has a mass of about 13 times the mass of Jupiter and it could be either a planet or a very lightweight “brown dwarf”, an object that is an intermediate stage between a planet and a star. The data available indicate it is a planet, however. The most interesting aspect of the discovery is that the object orbits a young, massive star.

From this fact and the separation from its parent sun, the astronomers deduce that the celestial body very probably formed in a manner similar to that of smaller, lower mass planets: within a “protoplanetary” disk of gas and dust which surrounded the star during the earliest stages of its development.