Surtsey - a volcanic island providing world with pristine natural laboratory, Iceland's UNESCO World Heritage Site
Baku, October 4, AZERTAC
Surtsey, a volcanic island approximately 32 km from the south coast of Iceland, is a new island formed by volcanic eruptions that took place from 1963 to 1967.
It has been legally protected from its birth and provides the world with a pristine natural laboratory.
Free from human interference, Surtsey has produced long-term information on the colonization process of new land by plant and animal life.
Since they began studying the island in 1964, scientists have observed the arrival of seeds carried by ocean currents, the appearance of moulds, bacteria and fungi, followed in 1965 by the first vascular plant, of which there were 10 species by the end of the first decade.
By 2004, they numbered 60 together with 75 bryophytes, 71 lichens and 24 fungi. Eighty-nine species of birds have been recorded on Surtsey, 57 of which breed elsewhere in Iceland. The 141 ha island is also home to 335 species of invertebrates.
Inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2008, Surtsey is a highly controlled, isolated environment and so threats are very limited. It is prohibited to go ashore or dive by the island, to disturb the natural features, introduce organisms, minerals and soils or leave waste on the island.
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